| scale {base} | R Documentation |
Center and/or scale the columns of a numeric matrix.
scale(x, center = TRUE, scale = TRUE)
x |
a numeric matrix. |
center |
either a logical value or a numeric vector of length
equal to the number of columns of x. |
scale |
either a logical value or a numeric vector of length
equal to the number of columns of x. |
The value of center determines how column centering is
performed.
If center is a numeric vector with length equal to the number
of columns of x, then each column of x has the
corresponding value from center subtracted from it.
If center is TRUE then centering is done by subtracting
the column means of x from their corresponding columns, and if
center is FALSE, no centering is done.
The value of scale determines how column scaling is performed
(after centering).
If scale is a numeric vector with length equal to the number of
columns of x, then each column of x is divided by the
corresponding value from scale.
If scale is TRUE then scaling is done by dividing the
(centered) columns of x by their root-mean-square, and if
scale is FALSE, no scaling is done.
The root-mean-square for a column is obtained by computing the square-root of the sum-of-squares of the non-missing values in the column divided by the number of non-missing values minus one.
The centered, scaled matrix.
sweep which allows centering (and scaling) with
arbitrary statistics.
x <- matrix(1:10, nc=2) (centered.x <- scale(x, scale=FALSE)) cov(centered.scaled.x <- scale(x))# all 1