deriv {base} | R Documentation |
Compute derivatives of simple expressions, symbolically.
D(expr, namevec) deriv(expr, namevec, function.arg = NULL, tag = ".expr")
expr |
expression which should be differentiated. |
namevec |
character vector, giving the variable names with respect to which derivatives will be computed. |
function.arg |
NOT YET IMPLEMENTED. If specified, a
function `prototype' (with empty body ) which will be
used to return a function with the given argument list, instead of
an expression. |
tag |
character; the prefix to be used for the locally created variables in result.. |
D
is modelled after its S namesake for taking simple symbolic
derivatives.
deriv
is a generic function with a default and a
formula
method. It returns a call
for
computing the expr
and its (partial) derivatives,
simultaneously. It uses so-called ``algorithmic
derivatives''.
Currently, deriv.formula
just calls deriv.default
after
extracting the expression to the right of ~
.
D
returns an expression and therefore can easily be iterated
for higher derivatives.
deriv
returns a call
object which becomes an
expression
when evaluated once. Evaluation of the
latter expression returns the function values with a
".gradient"
attribute containing the gradient matrix.
This help page should be fixed up by one of R&R or someone else who fluently speaks the language in `$R_HOME/src/main/deriv.c'.
Its author, MM, has only got a vague idea and thinks that a help page is better than none.
Griewank, A. and Corliss, G. F. (1991) Automatic Differentiation of Algorithms: Theory, Implementation, and Application. SIAM proceedings, Philadelphia.
nlm
for numeric minimization which should make use of
derivatives.
## formula argument : dx2x <- deriv(~ x^2, "x") ; dx2x expression({ .value <- x^2 .grad <- array(0, c(length(.value), 1), list(NULL, c("x"))) .grad[, "x"] <- 2 * x attr(.value, "gradient") <- .grad .value }) mode(dx2x) x <- -1:2 eval(dx2x) ## Something `tougher': trig.exp <- expression(sin(cos(x + y^2))) ( D.sc <- D(trig.exp, c("x", "y")) ) ( dxy <- deriv(trig.exp, c("x", "y")) ) y <- 1 eval(dxy) eval(D.sc)