LATEX: (Here, all commands reference version 2e).
All documents begin the same way:
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\begin{document}
This is the document environment. Everything typed here goes into the document.
We specify different environments with the \begin{env}...\end{env} commands.
For in-line equations use \begin{math} x^{2}+y^{2}=1 \end{math}
or alternatively, \( x^{2}+y^{2}=1 \), or even $x^{2}+y^{2}=1$.
For displayed equations use \begin{displaymath}...\end{displaymath} or alternatively, \[...\]
You can even display a list of equations:
\begin{eqnarray} x & = & \cos^{2}(x) + \sin^{2}(x) \\
& = & 1 \end{eqnarray}
\end{document}