Note: All courses may be applied towards the earning of a supplementary authorization to teach mathematics through Grade 9/Algebra, which requires the completion of 30-quarter units of college level mathematics. Math X462A & Math X462B OR Math X463 meet the requirements for a course in the real number system; Math X468A or Math X464A meet the requirements for a course in algebra; Math X467 meets the requirement for a course in geometry.

• Math X462A - NUMBER POWER 1 (4 units)
  This course focuses primarily on whole-number concepts and operations, including sense-making strategies for single-digit and multidigit addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Other topics include various number systems (Babylonian, Egyptian, Mayan) and base-5 arithmetic, which are used to help diagnose difficulties children face as they learn our Hindu-Arabic number system. The course follows a problem-solving approach, in which participants learn to express solutions to problems in multiple ways: visually, algebraically, numerically, and verbally (the fourfold way). Prerequisite: Intermediate Algebra
  

• Math X462B - NUMBER POWER 2 (4 units)
  This course focuses primarily on fraction concepts and operations. Area, set, and linear models are used to explore equivalence, ordering, and procedures for the basic arithmetic operations on fractions. Other topics include the decimal expansions of fractions and some basic probability concepts. The course follows a problem-solving approach, in which participants learn to express solutions to problems in multiple ways: visually, algebraically, numerically, and verbally (the fourfold way). Prerequisite: Intermediate Algebra
  

• Math X468A - PERSPECTIVES ON ALGEBRA (4 units)
  This course examines ideas associated with algebraic thinking and algebra. Topics include functions, variables, graphs, equations, linear equations, and systems of linear equations. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of graphs. The course follows a problem-solving approach, in which participants learn to express the solution to a problem in multiple ways: visually, algebraically, numerically, and verbally (the fourfold way). Prerequisite: Intermediate Algebra (A one-day orientation is recommended for participants new to the program)
  

• Math X 468B - TOPICS IN ALGEBRA AND GEOMETRY (4 units)
  This course focuses on several topics that cut across algebra and geometry. Emphasis is placed on using models to gain insight into concepts and using the graphing calculator as a problem-solving tool. Topics include the function concept, linear and quadratic functions and relations, systems of equations, Pythagorean theorem, the distance formula, and right-triangle trigonometry. Prerequisite: Math X468A OR program director’s consent plus a one-day orientation
  

• Math X467 - PERSPECTIVES ON GEOMETRY (4 units)
  This course examines ideas associated with two- and three-dimensional geometric figures, including polygons, polyhedra, circles, cylinders, and spheres. Topics include the vocabulary of geometric figures; spatial visualization, representation by nets and isometric drawings; basic notions and constructions of Euclidean geometry; isometric transformations, congruence, and similarity; length, area, and volume; and perimeter and surface area. Prerequisite: Intermediate Algebra (A one-day orientation is recommended for participants new to the program)
  

• Math X464A - PERSPECTIVES ON FUNCTIONS 1 (4 units)
  This course examines the families of linear, quadratic, power, polynomial, exponential, and trigonometric functions. Emphasis is placed on studying functions as bridges between the mathematics and the situations they model. Graphing calculator skills are reinforced and expanded. Prerequisite: Math X468B OR program director’s consent plus a one-day orientation
  

• Math X464B - PERSPECTIVES ON FUNCTIONS 2 (4 units)
  This course examines the families of polynomial, exponential, inverse, logarithmic, rational, and periodic functions. Emphasis is placed on studying functions as bridges between the mathematics and the situations they model. Graphing calculator skills are reinforced and expanded. Prerequisite: Math X464A
  

• Math X465 - DEALING WITH DATA (4 units)
  This course focuses on the gathering, description, and analysis of data. Each lesson is developed around questions generated from published or collected data sets, and a recurring theme of the course is to “let the data tell a story.” Techniques for one-variable and bivariate data analysis are included. Participants also explore randomness and sampling through probability experiments and data collection. Basic concepts of probability, such as techniques for determining the sample space, independence, and mathematical expectation, are included. Prerequisites: Math X462B and X468A, OR program director's consent (A one-day orientation is recommended for participants new to the program)
  

• Math X469 - MORE (ADVANCED) TOPICS IN ALGEBRA (4 units)
  Participants will study topics in high school mathematics from a mature perspective. Topics include algebraic structures, vectors, complex numbers, and trigonometry. Connections to classroom practice will be included. Prerequisite: Math X464B
  

• Math X470 - ADVANCED TOPICS IN GEOMETRY (4 units)
  Participants will study topics in high school mathematics from a mature perspective. Topics include Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries, coordinate geometry, conic sections, proof. Connections to classroom practice will be included. Prerequisites: Math X467 and Math X464A
  

• Math X471 - ADVANCED TOPICS IN DATA
  (PILOT COURSE). This course will review descriptive data techniques and focus on statistical inference. Participants will apply techniques to analyze data and prepare a project that illustrates sound statistical reasoning. Access to a computer and the internet is required. Laptop computer is recommended. Prerequisites: Math X465 and Math X464A
  
  
• Math X472 - MATH AND TECHNOLOGY (4 units)
  Participants use computers and graphing calculators to explore math concepts and develop technology skills for teaching. Projects will require the use of software such as MS Word, MS Excel, Geometry Sketchpad and MathType. A computer (preferable a laptop) with Microsoft Office is required. Prerequisite: Math X468B